Monday, April 27, 2020

Pandemic Protest Motivators: Trump’s Charismatic Leadership


As the coronavirus pandemic continues to sweep the nation, tensions are rising as new, tighter restrictions continue to be imposed and enforced in order to lessen the consequences of the deadly virus. Michigan in particular has been a hotbed of unrest, with Governor Gretchen Whitmer facing backlash after the announcement of her latest stay-at-home order. Michigan has been one of the hardest hit states in the nation, with the third-highest number of confirmed coronavirus-related deaths, according to data collected by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. To reduce the rate of infection within the state, Whitmer’s executive order on April 9th imposed some of the country’s tightest restrictions. Even amidst tough restrictions, Governor Whitmer has the support of the majority of the state. A poll released on April 20th by the Detroit Regional Chamber of Commerce found that 57 percent of Michigan residents approved of Whitmer, compared to only 37 percent who disapproved of her approach to the crisis. However, these new mandates were not received well by all Michigan residents, with thousands of far-right conservatives flocking to the state capital of Lansing to protest. Many of the protestors flew Trump 2020 flags and sported MAGA gear as they demonstrated over concerns that the new stay-at-home order is in violation of constitutional rights. Regardless of the favorable opinion shown in the polls, and the support of the majority of Michigan voters, the impact of the protest was still significant. Despite the protest being ostensibly called to oppose the additional restrictions, it was also “the clearest sign yet of a simmering ideological movement on the right resisting government mandates over the virus” (Gabriel and Marin, 2020). 

The spotlight was initially shone on Whitmer last month when President Trump cavalierly referred to her as “the woman in Michigan.” (Zeleny, 2020) Whitmer has become a political target as she is widely considered to be a potential contender to run alongside Joe Biden as vice president. Even if she is not selected as the vice presidential nominee, her popularity may help the Democratic party win Michigan in the presidential election. Trump has continued to make other condescending comments about her, including referring to her as “Gretchen ‘Half’ Whitmer,” and describing her as being “in over her head." (Mehta, 2020) Trump’s success as a charismatic leader against a rival depends on his ability to creatively redefine legitimate leadership and cast his opponents as “unworthy challengers.” (Joosse, 2018) Trump’s disregard for the norms that have traditionally governed political behavior has made him extremely compelling to certain audiences. On the other hand, his opponents, including Governor Whitmer, rarely stray from the traditional norms of civility, making it challenging for them to respond to his often racist, sexist, and xenophobic comments. Trump further established Whitmer as an “unworthy challenger” by openly opposing her radical approach to the coronavirus crisis as he discusses easing national guidelines for social distancing, and then drawing upon the protests as evidence of Whitmer’s performative failure.

In a tweet posted on the Friday following the demonstration, President Trump called upon his followers to “Liberate Michigan” despite the clear reports of the protestors being in violation of federal social distancing guidelines (Gabriel and Marin, 2020). The blatant disregard of the safety of Michigan residents indicates Trump’s intentions to use this crisis as a political platform for the upcoming presidential election rather than to address the pandemic as the catastrophic health crisis that it is. Trump’s charismatic leadership has earned him an extensive group of “devoted followers.” According to Paul Joosse’s theory of charismatic counter-roles, individuals are more likely to participate in a cause if they expect a large number of other people to participate as well. As a result, “leaders may be tempted to draw attention to the performances of devoted followers as a means of setting up conditions that are favorable for motivating others to join the movement.” (Joosse, 2018) In this particular case, Trump’s endorsement of protestors serves as a way to gain more followers by demonstrating his legitimacy through the performed devotion of the protestors. 

Trump is continuing to establish his charismatic authority through performative interactions with both his “devoted followers” and “unworthy challengers”. Through these interactions, Trump ensures that he “is cast as eminently competent while the conventional rivals are rendered seemingly inexperienced, ill equipped, and outmoded.” (Joosse, 2018) These interactions also establish his social value as a result of the “triangular relationship between the leader, enraptured followers, and witnesses who are party to, and potentially inspired by, the devotional performances of the followers.” (Joosse, 2018) Trump has used the pandemic crisis and his authority as charismatic leader to further his own ends in pursuit of another presidential term by utilizing charismatic counter-roles to provide authenticity to his performance. 


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